Target GATE & ESE 2022 Revision Test

 Q.1 A stream function is given by ψ = 3x^2 -y^3. What is the magnitude of velocity components at the point (2,1) ?

(a) 8.52                                  (b) 9.17

(c) 10.81                                (d) 12.37

Q.2 What is the minimum size of glass tube that can be used to measure water level if the capillary rise in the tube is to be restricted to 2 mm ? (Take surface tension of water in contact with air as 0.073575 N/m)

(a) 1.5 cm                               (b) 1.0 cm

(c) 2.5 cm                               (d) 2.0 cm

Q.3 What is the hydraulic radius of a stable canal carrying a discharge 0f 27 m^3/s using Lacey's method? (Assume silt factor is unity)

(a) 1.44 m                               (b) 2.67 m

(c) 3.14 m                               (d) 4.28 m

Q.4 Which one of the following is the correct assumption of Rankine's theory?

(a) The soil mass is infinite

(b) The soil mass is non homogeneous

(c) The soil mass is cohesive

(d) The ground surface is a plane which may be horizontal or inclined

Q.5 Which one of the following is not an instrument for setting out right angles?

(a) Cross staff                        (b) Site square

(c) Prism square                    (d) Optical square

Q.6 The hardness of aggregate is tested by

(a) Impact test                      (b) Crushing strength test

(c) Abrasion test                   (d) Soundness test

Q.7 The drawback of electric seasoning of timber is

(a) Checks                      (b) Splitting

(c) Cracks                       (d) Reduced Strength

Q.8 Pozzolanas are

(a) argillaceous materials 

(b) calcareous materials

(c) accelerators

(d) siliceous materials

Q.9 A plane element in a body is subjected to a tensile stress of 100 MPa and shear stress of 25 MPa. What is the normal stress on a plane inclined at 15 degree with the tensile stress?

(a) -5.8 MPa                    (b) -4.8 MPa

(c) -3.8 MPa                   (d) -2.8 MPa

Q.10 If the pressure head of water is 100 m and specific gravity of kerosene is 0.81, what is the pressure head of kerone?

(a) 123.5 m of kerosene             (b) 241.3 m of kerosene

(c) 75.1 m of kerosene               (d) 52.4 m of kerosene

 

                                

                                        Please Follow me on talktorashid.blogspot.com

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Geotechnical Engineering)

 Do You Know?

👉 In-Situ Shear modulus of soil can be calculated from Pressure-meter test.

👉 Soil Consistency                  N-Value

       Very Soft                               0-2                           

       Soft                                       3-4

      Firm                                       5-8

       Stiff                                      9-16

   Very Stiff                                 16-32

     Hard                                        >32

👉 Soil Description    Relative Density(%)    N-Value

      Very Loose               <15                                  <4

        Loose                     15-35                               4-10

Medium Dense              35-65                              10-30

   Dense                          65-85                             30-50

Very Dense                    >85                                    >50

👉  SPT: Suitable only for Cohesionless soil such as sandy soil

      DCPT: Dynamic cone penetration test is conducted by driving the cone by blows of a hammer. This is primarily used for cohesive soils but also applicable for medium to fine sand.

     SCPT: Static Cone penetration test is used for soil profiling. It also gives the value of end resistance and frictional resistance of sleeves.

👉Auger boring is most effective in soft soils which can stand unsupported and have some stickiness so that they do not fall back into hole during lifting operation.

👉Geophysical methods: They are non-destructive methods used in the construction industry for investigation of sub surface.

                           Please follow me on talktorashid.blogspot.com 

                                                                   Happy Learning

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Geotechnical Engineering)

 Q.1 If an SPT test gave the average blow count of 32 in fine sand below water table, then what is the corrected value of blow count?

(a) 22.1             (b) 23.5              (c) 24.2                (d) 24.8

Q.2 On which of the following soils is the standard penetration test useful?

A.  Cohesionless soil               B. Medium clay

C. Gravelly soils                     D. Very stiff clays

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) A only                           (b) A and C 

(c) A and B                        (d) C and D

Q.3 The standard penetration resistance value obtained in a deep deposit of sand at a depth of 6 m was 28. The unit weight of sand is 18 kN/m^3. What is the corrected value of number of blows for overburden pressure?

(a) 60                                (b) 57

(c) 59                                (d) 55

Q.4 Consider the following statements:

1. Standard penetration test is commonly used for cohesionless soils.

2. Standard penetration test results in respect of a cohesionless soil are correlated to its density index and friction angle.

3. Use of N-value not corrected for overburden pressure leads to highly conservative design of footing at shallow depths.

Which of the following statements are correct?

(a) 1,2 and 3                       (b) 1 and 2 only

(c) 2 and 3 only                  (d) 1 and 3 only

Q.5 During a sampling operation , the drive sampler is advanced 600 mm and the length of sample recovered is 525 mm. What is the recovery ratio of the sample?

(a) 0.125                         (b) 0.140

(c) 0.875                         (d) 0.143

                           Please Follow me on talktorashid.blogspot.com

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Geotechnical Engineering)

 Do You Know?

👉 For a good quality soil sampler all the parameters mentioned below should be low.

            Area ratio                       10% or less

           Inside clearance              0.5-3%

           Outside clearance           0-2%

👉 For soft sensitive clays, an area ratio of 10% or less is preferred.

👉   

• Chunk samples are considered as undisturbed samples.
• Remoulded sampler tends to disturb the soil structure completely
• Split spoon sampler is a thick tube type of an open driven sampler with an area ratio around ratio 30%, so the samples collected are of the disturbed type 
•  Piston sampler is a thin tube type sampler and excellent tool for obtaining very fine undisturbed samples, especially in soft sensitive clays.      

👉 Split Spoon sampler: Used in all types of soil. It gives disturbed but representative sample.

      

👉 Rotary Sampler: It is double walled tube sampler. The outer tube (rotating barrel) is having a cutting bit so they can be used in hard cohesive soils and rocks.

👉Stationary piston sampler: Very much suited for sampling in soft soils and saturated sands.

👉Recovery Ratio(R.R): Ratio of recovered length of sample to penetration length of sampler.

         If           R.R = 1   Good recovery

         If           R.R <1   soil in sample is compressed

         If           R.R >1   soil has swelled

             If you really like this concept please follow me on talktorashid.blogspot.com

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Fluid Mechanics)

 Do You Know?

👉

• Hot Wire Anemometer: It is used for measurement of instantaneous velocity and temperature at a point in flow but it is an ideal tool for measurement of velocity fluctuations in time in turbulent flow.
• Orifice Meter: It is cheap device which is used to measure the volume flow rate means discharge.
• Pitot Tube: Used for measurement velocity of flow.

👉     Preston Tube: Used for Boundary shear stress measurement.     

👉     Submerged broad crested weir  (Cd = 0.83 to 0.85)

👉          Free broad crested weir ( Cd = 0.85 to 1)

👉       For ogee spillway ( Cd = 1.19 Cds), where Cds is the discharge coefficient for sharp crested weir. 

👉       Cd value increases for ogee due to adhering Nappe

👉 Rehbock formula gives the expression for discharge over a rectangular suppressed weir.

                                  Q = 2/3 (0.605 + 0.08 H/Z + 0.001/H) sqrt (2g). BH^1.5 

 👉 Francis found that due to end contraction the effective width of the nappe is reduced by o.1H.

                                                              Leff = (L - 0.1 nH)

👉 Cipolletti notch (or weir) is a trapezoidal notch which gives discharge equal to the discharge that would pass over a rectangular notch. 

                                                     Q = 2/3 Cd sqrt(2g) LH^1.5

👉 Ventilation of Nappe: When there is no ventilation of nappe, discharge increases because the Nappe is pulled down due to negative pressure created in the zone below nappe.

👉  Let Q be the discharge in free Nappe then

        For depressed Nappe Qd = (1.06-1.07) Q

        For Adhering Nappe  Qa = 1.25 Q

👉 Orifice is an opening in the tank and Mouthpiece is short length of tube

👉 Coefficient of resistance of Orifice (Cr) is defined as the ratio of Loss of KE through orifice to actual KE.

                                               Cr = (1/Cv^2 -1)

      where Cv is the coefficient of velocity. 

          If you really like this please follow me on                            talktorashid.blogspot.com

                                         

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Fluid Mechanics)

 Q.1 The range of coefficient of discharge for a venturimeter is 

(a) 0.6-0.7             (b) 0.7-0.85            (c) 0.85-0.92              (d) 0.92-0.98

Q.2 A rotameter is used to measure:

(a) viscosity of fluids

(b) density of fluids

(c) flow rate of fluids

(d) rotational energy of a fluid

Q.3 Notch is a device used for measuring

(a) rate of flow through pipes

(b) rate of flow through a small channels

(c) flow velocity through a pipe line

(d) flow velocity through a small channel

Q.4 A cipolletti weir is:

(a) a rectangular weir of varying dimension

(b) a weir is designed for economical discharge

(c) a combination of a rectangular and triangular weir

(d) a trapezoidal weir whose side slopes are one horizontal to four vertical

Q.5 In a rectangular weir, the discharge varies as:

(a) H               (b) H^0.5       (c) H^1.5            (d) H^2.5

Q.6 The sheet of water flowing through a notch or over a weir is known as

(a) Nappe            (b) Crest            (c) Height of weir/notch     (d) Sill

Q.7 If the error in the measurement of head in a rectangular notch is 1% , then error in the measurement of discharge will be

(a) 1%                                                    (b) 1.5%

(c) 2%                                                   (d) 2.5%

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Geotechnical Engineering-II)

Q.1 A and B are Skempton's pore pressure coefficients. For saturated normally consolidated soils

 (a)  A>1 and  B>1                        (b)  A>1 and B<1

 (c)  A<1  and B>1                        (d)  A< 1 and B=1

Q.2 Consider the following statements:

 1. Pore pressure parameter A is a constant for a soil.

 2. The shear strength of soil is a function of the effective stress in the soil and not of the total stress in the soil.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct

(a) 1 only                                  (b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2                       (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q.3 Consider the following statements:

1. Brittle behavior of soils can be obtained when soil is heavily over-consolidated clay.

2. For a saturated soil Skempton's B-parameter is nearly equal to unity.

3. In UCS test minor principal stress equal to zero.

Which of these statements is/are correct

(a) 1,2 and 3             (b) 2 and 3             (c) 1 only        (d) 3 only

Q.4 In an unconsolidated undrained triaxial test it is observed that an increase in cell pressure from 150 kPa to 250 kPa leads to a pore pressure increase of 80 kPa. It is further observed that an increase of 50 kPa in deviatoric stress results in an increase of 25 kPa in the pore pressure. The value of Skempton's pore pressure parameter B is:

(a) 0.5                                           (b) 0.625

(c) 0.80                                         (d)   1.0

Q.5 A clay soil sample is tested in a triaxial apparatus in consolidated drained conditions at a cell pressure of 100 kN/m^2. What will be the pore water pressure at a deviator stress of 40 kN/m^2?

 (a) 0                                          (b) 20 kN/m^2

 (c) 40 kN/m^2                          (d) 60 kN/m^2

                                  

Assignment (Irrigation Engineering)

 Assignment (Irrigation Engineering)

Assignment (Introduction to Fluid Mechanics)

 Assignment (IFM)

Assignment (Geotechnical Engineering-II)

 Assignment (GE-II)

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Fluid Mechanics)

 Do You Know ?

👉As per Bernoulli's equation:

      Total head = P/Y + V^2/2g + z

      Piezometric head = P/Y + z

     Velocity head or kinetic head or dynamic head = v^2/2g

      Stagnation head = P/Y + V^2/2g  

👉Cavitation is the formation of vapour bubbles in a flowing liquid in the region where the pressure falls below vapour pressure and sudden collapsing of these vapour bubbles in a region of high pressure causes pitting.

👉 If time of closure (T) is less than equal to 2L/C  → closure is sudden or instantaneous

👉  If time of closure (T) is greater than  2L/C  → closure is gradual or slow.

👉 In case of sudden closure, when pipe is rigid 

                                     P = ρ CV       

      This formula is called Allievi Formula

👉Loss of head in both the cases, sudden expansion and sudden contraction happens due to formation of eddies, but the intensity is more in case of sudden expansion. Loss will be more in case of sudden expansion.

    Another reason for more loss in case of sudden expansion is the deceleration of flow due to area expansion.

👉Surge tanks are used to absorb the increase in pressure due to water hammer phenomenon.

👉 Condition to satisfy Hardy Cross Method (Trial & Error Solution)

     > The flow into any junction must equal the flow out of the junction (Continuity principle)

     > The Darcy-weisbach equation must be satisfied for each pipe (hf = rQ^n)

     > The algebric sum of head loss around any closed circuit will be zero when discharge distribution is correct.  

                

                      Note: If you really like this concept please follow talktorashid.blogspot.com

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Irrigation Engineering)

 Solution of Class Test (Irrigation Engineering)

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Introduction to Fluid Mechanics)

Solution (Introduction to Fluid Mechanics)

Target GATE & ESE 2022 ( Geotechnical Engineering Quiz Solution)

 Target GATE & ESE 2022 ( Geotechnical Engineering Quiz Solution)

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Geotechnical Engineering)

 Q.1 Consider the following:

1. Closing the drainage valve.

2. Opening the drainage valve

3. Applying cell pressure

4. Shearing

What is the correct sequence of operation for conducting CU triaxial test?

(a) 1-2-3-4                   (b) 3-2-1-4

(c) 2-1-3-4                   (d) 2-3-1-4

Q.2 The unconfined compressive strength of pure clay soil is 100 kN/m^2. What is the value of cohesion of the soil in kN/m^2?

(a) 200       (b) 100       (c) 75        (d) 50

Q.3 Assertion(A): Total stress analysis is adopted for long term stability problems.

      Reason (R): Total stresses and effective stresses are numerically the same after excess pore water pressure is dissipated.

(a)             (b)             (c)              (d)

Q.4 The confining pressure and the deviator stress on a triaxial sample are, respectively 100 kN/m^2 and 300 kN/m^2. What is the normal stress acting the plane of maximum shear stress?

(a) 150 kN/m^2                (b) 200 kN/m^2

(c) 250 kN/m^2               (d) 400 kN/m^2

Q.5 What is the appropriate field test to determine the in-situ undrained shear strength of a soft clay?

(a) Static cone penetration test (SCPT)

(b) Standard penetration test (SPT)

(c) Plate load test

(d) Vane shear test

                                       Happy Learning

 

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Geotechnical Engineering)

 Do You Know?

👉Bridge abutments are restrained by deck slab, so earth pressure acting on abutment is earth pressure at-rest.

👉For initial stability ⇒ Undrained test is considered. To be on more safer side saturated clay is taken as unconsolidated.

👉 Unconfined compression test is a special case of triaxial test in which minor principal stress (Cell pressure=0) is zero. Mohr-circle passes through origin.

👉 Consolidated means drainage is allowed in first stage (Cell pressure stage or confining stage) and drained means drainage is allowed in second stage (Deviator stage/shear stage). In CD test drainage is allowed (drainage valve is open) in both the stages hence pore water pressure is zero in both stages.

👉Point above Mohr's envelope indicates that shear stress is more than shear strength of soil which is an imaginary condition.

👉 For Initial Stability(Short term stability) →  UU test

      For Long term stability →CD test

👉Liquefaction is generally associated with sandy soil and not possible in normal clays due to cohesion between particles (shear strength not equal to zero) but highly sensitive clay may undergo liquefaction under vibration.

     

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Fluid Mechanics)

 Q.1 If the velocity of flow as well as the diameter of the flowing pipe are respectively doubled through a pipe system in use since long, the head loss will thereafter be

(a) Halved    (b) Doubled          (c) Increased 4 times       (d) No change

Q.2 Two tanks are connected in parallel by two pipes A and B of identical friction factors and lengths. If the size of pipe A is double that of pipe B, then their discharges will be in the ratio of

(a) 2           (b) 4     (c) 5.66           (d) 32

Q.3 In steady flow of a compressible fluid through a pipe, the density, area and velocity at a particular section are 1.5 kg/m^3, 0.5 m^2 and 3 m/s, respectively. At another section the density and area are 0.75 kg/m^3 and 1.0 m^2 respectively. What is the velocity at this section?

(a) 1.5 m/s          (b) 3.0 m/s           (c) 4.5 m/s          (d) 6.0 m/s

Q.4 A pipe network consist of a pipe of 60 cm diameter and branches out at a point F into two branches, one of 30 cm diameter and the other of 45 cm diameter. These branch pipes rejoin at a point B. The velocity in the first branch (of 45 cm diameter) is 1.5 m/s. Which one of the following statements is true?

(a) The velocity in second branch is 1.0 m/s

(b)  The velocity in second branch is 2.25 m/s

(c) The velocity in second branch is 0.667 m/s

(d) The potential drop between F and B in both branches is same

Q.5 A compound pipe (new cast iron) system consists of pipes of length 1800 m and diameter 50 cm, length 1200 m and diameter 40 cm and length 600 m and diameter 30 cm connected in series. The equivalent length of 40 cm diameter pipe will be nearly

(a) 4300 m                   (b) 4400        (c) 4500 m               (d) 3600  

                                            Happy Learning

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Irrigation Engineering)

 Q.1 Assertion(A): Duty is an expression of the irrigation capacity of a unit volume of water.

        Reason(R): Duty at the head of a distributary will be less than that at the head of a watercourse and more than that at the head of a canal.

(a)               (b)                (c)                  (d)

Q.2 The delta for a crop having base period 120 days is 70 cm. What is the duty in hectare/cumec

(a) 2480        (b) 1481          (c) 148        (d) 1.481

Q.3 The CCA for a distributary is 200000000 m^2. The intensity of irrigation for a crop is 40%. If KOR water depth and KOR period for the crop are 14 cm and 4 weeks, respectively, the peak demand discharge (in cumec)

(a) 2.63          (b) 4.63          (c) 8.58        (d) 11.58

Q.4 The two columns below show some parameters and their possible values:

     Parameters                                        Value 

P.        GCA                                          i. 1000 ha/cumec

Q. Permanent wilting point                 ii. 6 degree centigrade

R. Duty of canal water                        iii. 1000 hectares

S. Delta of wheat                                iv. 1000 cm

                                                             v. 40 cm

                                                            vi. 0.12

Which of the following options matches the parameters and the values correctly?

(a) P-i, Q-ii, R-iii, S-iv

(b) P-iii, Q-vi, R-i, S-v

(c) P-i, Q-v, R-vi, S-ii

(d) P-iii, Q-ii, R-v, S-iv

Q.5 The total irrigation depth of water required by certain crop in its entire growing period (150 days) is 25.92 cm. The CCA  for a distributary channel is 100,00 ha. The distributary channel shall be designed for a discharge

(a) less than 2 cumecs

(b) 2 cumecs

(c) 20 cumecs

(d) more than 20 cumecs

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Fluid Mechanics)

 Do you know?

👉Pressure gradient in the direction of flow (∂p/∂x) is equal to the shear gradient normal to the direction of flow (∂τ/∂y).

                                            ∂p/∂x  =   ∂τ/∂y        

👉 Hele Shaw Flow: Laminar flow between parallel plates

      Stoke's Law: Settling of fine particles

      Hagen Poiseuille Flow: Laminar flow in tubes/pipes

👉Bulk modulus(k) is a measure of compressibility of fluid. It is the ratio of change in pressure (△P) to change in volume per unit volume (∆V/V). It is also called ratio of pressure to volumetric strain.

👉 Various factors that affect bulk modulus:

    > As pressure of fluid increases, bulk modulus of elasticity of fluid increases.

    > With increase in temperature of a liquid the bulk modulus of liquid decreases.

    > With increase in temperature of a gas the bulk modulus of gas increases

.👉Streak line is formed by continuous introduction of dye or smoke from a pont in the flow.

👉 For steady flow ⟶ Stream line, Path line and Streak line are same.

👉Cauchy-Riemann Equation 

> Velocity potential function exists only for irrotational flow.

> Stream function exists both for rotational & irrotational flow.

> Both velocity potential and stream function for irrotational flow satisfies laplace equation.

> For irrotational incompressible flow 

               u = -∂Φ/∂x = -∂Ψ /∂y

               v = -∂Φ/∂y = ∂Ψ /∂x

👉Flow Net

◘ A line along which stream function is constant is called stream line (ψ = Constant)

◘ A line along which velocity potential is constant is called equipotential line ( Φ = constant)

◘ A grid obtained by drawing series of equipotential lines and stream lines is known as flow net.

◘Flow net is drawn in such a way that difference between stream function stream function of two successive stream lines are same. Discharge between two successive stream line is constant in a flow net.

 

👉 Methods of drawing Flow Net

◘  Analytical method

◘  Hydraulic models

◘ Graphical method

◘ Electrical analogy method

👉 Use of Flow Net

◘  Determine uplift pressure on the bottom of a dam

◘  Loss of flow due to seepage in earth dam  

◘  Determine the stream line and equipotential lines.

    

                                                    Happy Learning

    

     

Target GATE & ESE 2022 (Irrigation Engineering)

 Do You Know ?

👉 Sprinkler system causes interference in farming operation because of its network system.

👉 In border strip method size of strip depends on soil properties. Border strip method is a controlled type of surface irrigation method.

👉 Soil moisture tension is defined as the sum of the moisture tension and osmotic pressure of soil solution.

👉  Soil moisture tension at permanent wilting point generally ranges from 7-32 atm

👉    Soil                  EC (milli-mhos/cm)            ESP (%)                        PH 

         Saline                             >4                               <15               less than equal to 8.5

        Alkaline                          <4                                <15                         8.5 - 10

     Saline-Alkaline                  >4                               <15              approximately equal to 8.5

               ESP = exchangeable sodium percentage

               EC = Electrical Conductivity

👉 Water application efficiency is the ratio of volume water stored in root zone to Volume of water supplied to root zone

👉 Garret's diagram is a graphical representation to obtain canal design parameters based on

         (i) Kennedy's theory

        (ii) Kutter's formula

Purpose: To save time and to avoid repetitive enormous calculations

👉Balanced Depth : Balanced depth of cutting canal is when volume of cutting is equal to volume of filling (Most economical way as transportation expenses of soil is minimized)