Boundary Layer Theory

•  Boundary layer concept was given by L. Prandtl (Father of Fluid Mechanics)
• Boundary layer thickness is defined as the distance from the boundary where velocity at a distance y from the surface(u) is approximately equal to the free stream velocity(U)
• Three mathematical expression were derived namely
•    (a) Displacement Thickness
•    (b) Momentum Thickness
•    (c) Energy Thickness
• shape factor is the ratio of displacement thickness to  momentum thickness 

Geotechnical Engineering

•  Soil classification on the basis of their transporting agency 

              Soil                                                  Transporting Agency

       Aeolian Soil                                                   Wind

      Alluvial Soil                                                 River Water

     Lacustrine soil                                            Still water like Lakes

         Marine soil                                                    Sea Water

  

        Glacial Deposit                                                 Ice

• Black Cotton Soil has very high expansive behavior due to the presence of clay mineral Montmorillonite.
• Montmorillonite clay mineral is also called 2:1 Clay mineral .